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{{Infobox weapon
|name=Glasmine 43
| image=File:Duitse glasmijn, voorzien van Buckontsteker en 2 ons standaardlading 2155 005052.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption=Glasmine 43
|origin=Germany
|type=Minimum metal [[anti-personnel mine]]

|is_explosive=yes

|service=1944–1945
|used_by=Germany,
|wars=[[World War II]]
|designer=
|design_date=
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost=
|production_date=1944–1945
|number=11 million
|variants=*''Hebelzünder 44'' detonator
*''Buck'' chemical detonator

|weight=
|length=
|part_length=
|width=
|height={{convert|6|in}}
|diameter={{convert|4.5|in}}
|crew=

|filling=[[TNT (explosive)|TNT]]
|filling_weight={{convert|200|g}}
|detonation=Pressure – weight of around {{convert|40|lb}}<ref name="CatalogueEoM">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/CatalogOfEnemyOrdnanceMateriel |title=Catalog Of Enemy Ordnance Materiel |last=Office of the Chief of Ordnance |date=1945 |oclc=464601649}}</ref>
|yield=
}}
The '''Glasmine 43''' was an [[anti-personnel mine]] with a [[glass]] body used by the [[Nazi Germany]] during [[World War II]].

This mine was an early form of [[minimum metal mine]], designed with the minimum amount of metal to reduce the likelihood of detection by the [[Polish mine detector]] then in use by Allied forces. The reduced use of metal was also beneficial because it saved this valuable war resource for other uses.

==Description==
[[File:Glasmine 43 diagram.png|thumb|left|Diagram of a Glasmine 43 from a US Army manual<ref name="CatalogueEoM" />]]
The mine consists of a glass bowl, {{convert|6|in|cm|spell=in}} in diameter containing an explosive charge and a detonator. The top of the mine was covered by a sheet-glass disk {{convert|0.25|in|mm}} thick, under a thick, moulded glass pressure plate. Each mine was supplied with a small quantity of cement putty to seal gaps between the main body and the glass disk cover and make the mine waterproof.<ref name="German Explosive Ordnance">{{Cite book |author=United States War Office |title=German Explosive Ordnance |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |page=275|year=1953 |series=Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 9-1985-2 |publication-place=Washington |publication-date=March 1953|oclc=713755660}}</ref>

When stepped on, the pressure plate shattered the glass disk and activated the detonator, detonating the mine's main explosive charge. This was a ''Sprengkörper'' 28 – a standard demolition charge with {{convert|200|g|oz}} of explosive.<ref name="CatalogueEoM" /><ref name="German Explosive Ordnance" /> Two types of detonators were used. Early versions of the mine used a mechanical detonator, known as a ''Hebelzünder'' 44 which used a [[percussion cap]].<ref>[http://www.lexpev.nl/minesandcharges/europe/germany/glasmine43.html Functioning, Assembly and Pictures of Glasminen (english)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122153311/http://www.lexpev.nl/minesandcharges/europe/germany/glasmine43.html |date=2009-01-22 }}(Retrieved on 11 June 2012)</ref> Later versions fired the main charge using a device known as a ''Buck igniter''.

[[File:Buck Igniter.jpg|thumb|right|Buck igniter]]

The Buck igniter was a small can of thin, corrugated aluminium. This contained a glass ampoule of [[sulfuric acid]], surrounded by flash powder that included powdered [[naphthalene]]. The can crushed when subjected to a force equivalent to around {{convert|5|lb|kg|spell=in}}, shattering the ampoule and causing the acid to mix with the powder. The resulting chemical reaction produced a flash that ignited the [[detonator]] of the main explosive charge.<ref name="Youngblood2006">{{cite book|author=Norman Youngblood|title=The Development of Mine Warfare: A Most Murderous and Barbarous Conduct|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WToYXxVaKKgC&pg=PA115|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-98419-9|pages=115–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=German Explosive Ordnance |publisher=US Government Printing Office |page=308|year=1953 |series=Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 9-1985-2 |publication-place=Washington |publication-date=March 1953}}</ref>

In 1944 and 1945, 11 million mines were produced; at the end of [[World War II]], 9.7 million were still in stock.<ref>[http://www.lonesentry.com/manuals/tme30/ch8sec5sub5.html TM-E 30-451 Handbook on German Military Forces (english)] (Retrieved on 11 Juni 2012)</ref> Along with other companies, the {{ill|Glashütte Gifhorn|de}} participated in the production.

==Effect and legacy==
Glass [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|shrapnel]] was not easily detectable via [[X-ray]]s, which rendered medical assistance to victims much harder than conventional mines. Glass made life-threatening injuries more difficult to assess.

Mines of this type are still buried in the [[Eifel National Park]] on the grounds of the [[Vogelsang Military Training Area]], a former "Nazi leadership" training center.<ref>[http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/am-rande-des-nationalparks-eifel.1242.de.html?dram:article_id=189309 Dieter Wulf: ''Am Rande des Nationalparks Eifel''], 5. April 2009 in [[Deutschlandfunk]], Retrieved on 8 September 2013</ref>

Demining areas with this type of mine is resource intensive, as the fields must be swept either by hand or with [[mine flail]]s like the [[Keiler (mine flail)|Keiler]], not forgetting that the latter has a certain margin of error since it was developed with military-tactical deployments in mind (creating pathways through minefields).

In 2004, the Colombian Government claimed that "home-made" glass mines were employed by guerrillas in Colombia.<ref>[http://artsdocuments.blogspot.de/search/label/DALLAPORTA%20Rapha%C3%ABl Personenminen] Retrieved 21 November 2012</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* Description and images on [https://web.archive.org/web/20090122153311/http://www.lexpev.nl/minesandcharges/europe/germany/glasmine43.html LEXPEV]
* [http://www.lonesentry.com/ordnance/glasmine-43-f-glass-mine-antipersonnel.html ''Catalog of Enemy Ordnance'', U.S. Office of Chief of Ordnance, 1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106220551/http://www.lonesentry.com/ordnance/glasmine-43-f-glass-mine-antipersonnel.html |date=2019-11-06 }}
* Another short description on [http://www.thedonovan.com/archives/002079.html Castle Argghhh!!!]

{{WWIIGermanMines}}

[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of Germany]]
[[Category:Anti-personnel mines]]
[[Category:Land mines of Germany]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1944]]

Glasmine 43 - Bewerkingsoverzicht

Colani: 1 versie geïmporteerd