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{{Short description|WW2 German infantry mortar}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name= 12 cm Granatwerfer 42
|image=Granatwerfer 42 an der Ostfront.jpg
|image_size=300
|caption= Granatwerfer 42 on the Eastern Front
|origin=Nazi Germany
|type= [[Mortar (weapon)|Mortar]]

|is_ranged=yes
|is_bladed=
|is_explosive=
|is_artillery=yes
|is_vehicle=

|service=
|used_by=[[Nazi Germany]]
|wars= [[Second World War]]

|designer=
|design_date=1942
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost= 1,200 [[Reichsmark]]
|production_date=1943–1945
|number=8,461<ref name=Granatwerfer>[http://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Waffen/granatwerfer.htm] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
|variants=

|weight={{convert|280|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|length=
|part_length={{convert|1.865|m|ftin|abbr=on}} L/15.5<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mortarsrockets0000cham/page/9|title=Mortars and rockets|last=Chamberlain|first=Peter|date=1975|publisher=Arco Pub. Co|page=[https://archive.org/details/mortarsrockets0000cham/page/9 9]|others=Gander, Terry|isbn=0668038179|location=New York|oclc=2067459}}</ref>
|crew=

|cartridge={{convert|15.6|kg|lboz|abbr=on}} bomb
|caliber={{convert|120|mm|inch|abbr=on}}
|action=
|rate=8-10 rpm
|velocity={{convert|280|m/s|feet/s|abbr=on}}
|range=
|max_range={{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name=":0" />
|feed=
|sights=

|breech=
|recoil=
|carriage=
|elevation=45° to 85°
|traverse=8° to 17° variable with elevation<ref name=":0" />

|blade_type=
|hilt_type=
|head_type=
|haft_type=

|diameter=
|filling=
|filling_weight=
|detonation=
|yield=
}}

The '''''12 cm Granatwerfer'' 42''' (literally, "grenade thrower Model 42"; official designation: '''12 cm GrW 42''') was a [[Mortar (weapon)|mortar]] used by Germany during [[World War II]].

== Development ==
Developed in 1942, the 12 cm (about 4.7 in) GrW 42 was an attempt to give German infantry units a [[Fire support|close support weapon]] with greater performance than the [[Mortar (weapon)|mortars]] used in general service at the time. This weapon was very similar to the [[M1938 mortar]] used by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] which in turn was an improved version of the French 120 mm Brandt Mle 1935 mortar. The 120 mm Brandt m35 was used in limited quantities during the [[Battle of France]] and exported to the USSR and other nations before the country's capitulation in 1940. The Soviet [[M1938 mortar|PM 38]] 120 mm mortar, were captured in large quantities during the war in the East and pressed into service by the Germans and other Axis nations before the introduction of similar nationally produced 12 cm mortar designs. In German use, the captured Soviet mortar was given the designation '''12 cm ''Granatwerfer'' 378 (r)'''.<ref name="Encyclopedie">{{cite encyclopedia|title=120-HM 38|language=fr | encyclopedia =Encyclopédie des armes : Les forces armées du monde|publisher=Atlas|year=1986|page=2042|volume=IX|number=103. Armes de soutien d'infanterie 1939-1945}}</ref>

== Description ==
The GrW 42 was basically the usual three-part construction made up of a circular base plate like the previous Soviet design, the tube itself and the supporting bi-pod. Because of the greater weight of the weapon (280 kilograms or 620 pounds) a two-wheeled axle was utilized, enabling the mortar to be towed into action. The axle could then be quickly removed before firing.{{cn|date=February 2018}} A total of 5,373,000 rounds of ammunition were produced for the weapon.<ref name=Granatwerfer/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|12 cm Granatwerfer 42}}

{{WWIIGermanInfWeapons}}

[[Category:World War II infantry mortars of Germany]]
[[Category:120 mm mortars]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1943]]

Granatwerfer 42 - Bewerkingsoverzicht

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